Genetic and Molecular Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hereditary and Molecular Biology - Essay Example The chromosome hypothesis on legacy said that Chromosomes are two by two and qualities, or their alleles, are situated on the chromosomes. 4. Every one of a few Alternative types of a Gene is called an Allele. Letters are utilized to speak to Alleles: Capital Letters allude to a Dominant Allele that covers or shrouds articulation of a latent allele. Lowercase Letters allude to a Recessive Allele its demeanor is conceal by a predominant allele. Truly, it is feasible for multiple alleles of a quality to exist. 5. Researchers slowly found out about DNA in an inquisitively turned manner that is basic in science. For a certain something, the disclosure of DNA required advancement on three separate fronts: cytology (the investigation of cells through a magnifying instrument), hereditary qualities, and science. Researchers chipping away at DNA in the mid 1950s utilized the expression quality to mean the littlest unit of hereditary data, however they didn't have the foggiest idea what a quality really resembled basically and artificially, or how it was replicated, with not many blunders, a great many ages. In any case, numerous researchers kept on accepting that DNA had a structure excessively uniform and easy to store hereditary data for making complex living beings. The hereditary material, they contemplated, must comprise of proteins, substantially more different and mind boggling atoms known to play out a large number of natural capacities in the cell. 6. Quality is a genetic unit comprising of a grouping of DNA that possesses a particular area on a chromosome and decides a specific trademark in a creature. A chromosome is a gathering of looped strands of DNA, containing numerous qualities. 7. Each strand of DNA is a chain of substance building squares, called nucleotides, of which there are four sorts: adenine (truncated A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). These permissible base parts of nucleic acids can be polymerized in any

Apple Swot

Apple SWOT In the 2011 Fortune 500 rankings Apple completed 35th, hopping from the 56th position it set up the prior year. As of January 2012 Apple outperformed Exxon to turn into the biggest Corporation on the planet. Apple’s quick move from virtual liquidation in 1996 is an inconceivable story. (Eberhard) Strengths: The items The organization's notoriety for being a trailblazer Strong, faithful after Control over applications and working frameworks Brand AwarenessWeaknesses †Apple's â€Å"All In† theory has a few downsides †for instance, my Windows telephone won't sync on my Macbook. This apparent â€Å"if you're not one of us, you are one of them† outlook makes new believers to Apple items watchful. Apple doesn't â€Å"fail† frequently however when they do it stands out as truly newsworthy. Apple Maps served to show how enormous of a bumble one Apple marked disappointment can truly be. (Goldman). The absence of thinking ahead into the iPad.No matter how extraordinary of a triumph †and it surely is †Microsoft's Surface's screen size and incorporation of USB ports and a console is going to make the up and coming age of the iMac †which could in all likelihood be a very accused iPad of all the necessary ports and another OS †make Apple seem as though it is playing get up to speed as opposed to driving the advancement themselves. Shut source applications and working framework Brand apparent as â€Å"elitist† Diversity of items Cost of item versus contenders Over immersion (iPhone)Opportunities †Apple is preparing a Pandora like gushing music administration and Apple TV could change the manner in which we see our programing much similarly the iPod and iTunes upset the music business. Music gushing assistance Apple TV Shifting more creation to US processing plants The Chinese Market yet to be completely tapped Integration with automakers Threats †Basically each and every individual who isnâ €™t Apple †Google/Android, Microsoft/Windows 8, Samsung, the rundown goes on †in the event that you plug it in and talk, listen contact, type, or surf on it and is anything but an Apple, it is a danger to Apple.Apple's dangers originate from all bearings since Apple not just delivers item, it likewise delivers the entirety of the working frameworks for it's item and firmly controls what content outside merchants can sell on the App Store. Changes in economy Changes in commercial center Chinese work debates Google's Android OS Microsoft's Windows 8 and Surface tablet Windows retail locations http://www. substantial. com/news/2012/12/google-maps-comes back to-iphone/http://robeberhard. com/? page_id=130 Samsung SWOT Samsung was established in 1938 as a fish and vegetable food merchant. After the Korean War, Samsung's benefits were stripped and the basic food item business was laid to rest.In 1969 SEC, the Samsung Electronic Corporation was made, starting the Samsung as w e probably am aware them today. Samsung now creates TVs, cell phones, tablet PCs, DVD and Blu-Ray players, MP3 players, cameras and semiconductors. Throughout the years as they procured new business and spread out into new pursuits they have been dependent upon an assortment of claims including copyright encroachment, incorporating those with watchmaker Rolex, cell phone producer Ericsson and most as of late Apple Computer. Apple as of late outperformed Samsung to take the main spot in marketshare in the cell phone class. Tinari) Samsung's organization with Google has given a reliable OS (working framework) for it's cell phones with Android. Android is a â€Å"open source† working framework, which, in contrast to Apple's, takes into account outsider clients to straightforwardly contribute application and projects without organization impedance or oversight. While this gives clients a more extensive assortment of utilizations, there is no quality authority over them, nor is th ere a path for Samsung to give the client assistance regularly expected of these applications as Samsung has no part in their creation and distribution.Samsung as of late won one of numerous claims with Apple over the plan of their well known Galaxy tablet. The as of late discharged Microsoft Surface tablet and the Kindle Fire are Samsung's biggest non-Apple rivalry in this market, anyway there are various very minimal effort tablets coming out of China that are likewise depending on the Android OS. These ease, low quality tablets are compelling Samsung to publicize all the more forcefully to guarantee they are not lumped into this sub gathering of iPad thump offs. Qualities: Wide scope of items Multiple organizations with different brands, especially Google and their Android working framework Growing marketshareHigh brand esteem Open source working framework Weaknesses: Lack of command over item once it's accomplices become included Slow to discharge new item Lack of spotlight on o ne center item Lower value implies lower apparent quality Complaints of not being â€Å"user friendly† Opportunities: Open all the more retail outlets Partnership with new brands implies more advancement Reintroduce telephones with more easy to understand interface Capitalize on Apple's disappointments Provide more client assistance Threats: Continuing fight in court with Apple over copyright encroachment Low cost rivalry in the tablet marketEmulation telephones with Android OS debilitate Samsung's picture Microsoft's Surface tablet Windows Retail stores Changes in commercial center Changes in economy picture: www. businessweek. com picture: www. talkandroid. com picture: www. obamapacman. com http://www. intomobile. com/2013/02/01/apple-gets 34-versatile piece of the overall industry passing-samsung-become-1/http://www. businessweek. com/articles/2012-07-03/samsungs-cell phone pitch-powers versatile promotion blast http://www. talkandroid. com/154223-samsung-sloped up-public izing in-2012-outspent-apple-by-68-million/http://obamapacman. com/2010/11/come up short samsung-cosmic system tab-streak spring up-advertisement irritates cnn-clients/

The Definition of Pro Bono in Law

The Definition of Pro Bono in Law Every day, people commit crimes. On the other hand, some fall victim of crimes or false accusations. No matter the situation, people need legal services daily.However, not everyone can afford to pay lawyers. Many people end up on the side of injustice just because theyre poor.That’s why pro bono work is vital in the legal profession.This practice is common with lawyers.In fact, 55% of attorneys provided pro bono services in 2017, according to the Ohio Legal Assistance Foundation. Source: OlafWHAT IS PRO BONO?Pro bono is the short version of the Latin phrase pro bono publico. This phrase means “for the public good.”In simple terms, pro bono work is the service a professional renders to an individual without any compensation before or after offering the service.Even though pro bono is applicable to all professions, the term is popularly used in the legal profession.Offering pro bono legal services starts from the time an individual is a law student to when a lawyer has been called to bar and is practicing.The American Bar Associations Model Rule 6.1 states that every lawyer “has a professional responsibility to provide legal services to those unable to pay.”According to the American Bar Association:“pro bono legal services are personally performed, without charge or expectation of fee, to persons of limited means or organizations that serve persons of limited means.” From this definition, free legal service offered with the aim of turning the client into a paying client in the future is not a pro bono service.Likewise, a legal service carried out with an expectation to get paid at the beginning but changing your mind later cant be classified as pro bono.Another exception is legal services provided to friends and family as a favor.Often, the people concerned are able to pay and this is not regarded as pro bono work.In most cases, theres no fixed number of hours that a lawyer must use for pro bono services.There are many suggestions though.For example, the American Bar Association recommends that every lawyer should offer at least 50 hours of pro bono services annually.There are also different recommendations of the same, higher, or lower number of hours in different state bars.Another way a lawyer can contribute to the pro bono work is to support lawyers or legal clinics that offer these services.The reality in many big firms is that most lawyers fail to do pro bono work.And for those that do, they spend far less than the recom mended number of hours yearly.One of the reasons for this is that most of the big law firms make no provision for pro bono work.In cases where theres a provision for it, associates are not encouraged to do pro bono work as they want to rack up the number of their billed hours as high as possible.This means as lawyers are trying to bill as many hours as possible to get promoted and go up the ladder in their law firms, the public good is often neglected.According to a survey of 47,000 attorneys in 24 states by the American Bar Associations Standing Committee on Pro Bono and Public Service, almost 1 out of 5 attorneys had never done pro bono work of any kind. Source: AmericanBarAccording to attorneys, the top 3 sources of discouragement are lack of time, personal or family obligations, and lack of skills or experience.PRO BONO WORK AS A LAW STUDENTPro bono services should begin while an individual is studying law.Many schools have different policies and requirements regarding the amount of pro bono work a student should engage in.A requirement for a law student doing pro bono legal services is that they have to do it under the supervision of an attorney.This means an attorney would guide and evaluate the student.They’ll also review the student’s work before it’s provided to a client.Likewise, pro bono work for a law student is usually done during the academic year.Different states have different requirements of pro bono hours before a graduate law student is called to bar.Some states require a number of pro bono hours while some have no requirements regarding pro bono work.For instance, the New York State Court requires applicants i nto the New York State bar to have completed 50 hours of pro bono work.When law students get engaged in pro bono work, they’re more likely to provide these services when they graduate and become practicing lawyers.PRO BONO WORK IN LAW FIRMSLaw students are expected to carry out pro bono work before they complete their studies and are called to the bar.This practice is expected to continue when a lawyer is called to bar.Many lawyers seek to work in law firms after their graduation to gain more experience and consequently build their legal career.In most cases, whether a lawyer will get involved in pro bono cases may depend on the culture of their law firm.Its easier for a lawyer to do pro bono work if their law firm makes a provision or has a department for pro bono services.Otherwise, its difficult for a lawyer to get involved in pro bono work.If one of the main aims of a lawyer is to bill as many hours of work as possible, their last line of thought will be pro bono work.Many new associates, especially in big law firms, go through a lot of stress for years before they can go up the ladder in their law firms.Whether they climb up or not may also be tied to the number of hours they bill.Therefore, many lawyers may be more focused on clients that are able to pay for legal services rather than those that are unable to pay.In some cases, a law firm might prevent the use of the firm’s resources for pro bono cases.Likewise, in a firm that disallows lawyers from doing pro bono services during business hours or places restrictions on the number of pro bono clients a lawyer can take, only a few lawyers will do more pro bono legal services.However, in law firms that require lawyers to carry out a number of hours of pro bono services, lawyers will get involved more in the service.Other activities a law firm can engage in to encourage its lawyers to do pro bono work include having a pro bono manager, having a policy that supports employee pro bono tasks, allowing pro bono work to be done during business hours, identifying and referring pro bono work to lawyers, etc.AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION SURVEYFor pro bono services, most lawyers provide services that are related to their areas of specialization. In the American Bar Associations survey, 69% of attorneys took a pro bono case that was within their area of expertise.This makes sense as its easier to help people in an area of law that a lawyer is familiar with.When lawyers take pro bono cases out of their area of expertise, it was usually in the area of military, immigration, housing, civil rights, and public benefits.When lawyers took on pro bono cases, it was usually consistent with their expectations before taking the case.71% of attorneys claimed that their pro bono cases went the way they expected it to.The expectations are usually in the form of the time spent on the case and the complexity of the case.In a way, their prediction is often accurate because most lawyers are doing pro bono works in their area of expertise.NUMBER OF PRO BONO HOURSIn 2016, attorneys who did pro bono legal services spent an average of 36.9 hours.This is far lower than the ABA’s recommendation. One of the factors responsible for this is that many lawyers fail to take on full representation of clients when they offer pro bono services.More than half (54.6%) of attorneys only provided limited scope representation and they spent an average of 16.4 hours on each case.Generally, attorneys who provided limited scope representation had a lower number of hours of pro bono work.For instance, attorneys who only provided limited scope representation for pro bono work had an average of 40.1 hours of the work in 2016.Meanwhile, attorneys who provided only full representation had an average of 81.8 hours of pro bono service in the year.However, attorneys who combined both types of representation had the highest number of hours of pro bono work among attorneys.These lawyers had an average of 114.2 hours of work in the year. Source: AmericanBarAdded to this, 48% of attorneys did not undertake pro bono services that year. This is almost 1 out of 2 attorneys.It shows that many lawyers would rather fill their time with paying work than working for a client who has no money.Only 20% of attorneys provided more than 50 hours of pro bono services to clients in 2016.This is a low portion of the members of the legal profession considering how important this step is to society.However, when attorneys decide to take pro bono works, they usually take on cases of individuals rather than organizations. 81.3% of attorneys who take cases claim they take individual cases.While offering pro bono legal services, lawyers carry out many tasks.Some of these include meeting and interviewing the client, reviewing or drafting legal documents, writing letters, providing advice, speaking with other attorneys, providing full representation in court, negotiating settlements with other parties, etc.The most common activities carried out by lawyers were providing advice to clients with 74.1% of lawyers who do pro bono work doing it.However, a far lower number of lawyers provided full representation to their clients in court with only 29% doing it. Source: AmericanBarThe most common area of law served by far in pro bono services was family law. 32% of cases with lawyers who offer full representation and 19% of those who offered limited scope representation.Apart from this, other top areas for pro bono work were criminal, litigation, estate planning/probate, immigration, and real estate.The thing though, is that after family law, the popularity of each area differs according to whether attorneys carry out full representation or limited scope.ATTORNEY’S VIEW OF PRO BONO SERVICESIt is no surprise that lawyers see pro bono as an important part of the legal profession. In fact, 80.6% of attorneys believe that pro bono services are either somewhat or very important.But despite the majority of lawyers seeing it as an important endeavor, a far lower number actually want to provide the service.For example, only 45% claim they’re likely or very likely to carry out pro bono work in the next year while about a quarter claim they’re u nlikely or very unlikely to carry out such a task. Source: AmericanBarLawyers who participate in pro bono legal services have positive views of the service and this encourages them to do more of it.The most popular factors that encourage lawyers to take on pro bono cases are to help people in need, fulfill ethical obligations, and as a professional duty.The biggest motivators are the first two as lawyers feel empathetic to ensure justice is done for even people who are unable to pay legal fees.In many of these situations, the client would have lost a valuable possession without legal representation.Apart from motivating factors, there are also discouraging factors that reduce the number of hours attorneys are able to spend doing pro bono work.Lack of time is the biggest discouraging factor.There are other factors like lack of necessary skills or experience needed for the case, scheduling conflicts with potential court appearances, unrealistic expectations of clients, too costly, lack of information about opportunities, discouragement from employer/firm, etc.What is evident from these discouraging factors is that it comes from various quarters.Some are due to the lawyer, some client, and some the law firm.This shows there’s still a big room for improvement in terms of getting more lawyers to get involved in pro bono legal services.FINDING PRO BONO OPPORTUNITIESOne of the main challenges attorneys can face is finding clients for pro bono legal services.For instance, if you don’t meet people who are unable to pay for their legal services, how do you get involved in pro bono cases?The truth is that when there’s a will, there’s a way. Lawyers have found many ways to find pro bono clients.There are organizations that usually handle pro bono cases and attorneys reach out to these organizations to learn of suitable cases they can take.As a matter of fact, 45.4% of attorneys had contacted organizations regarding pro bono cases while 36.3% had contacted a legal aid or pro bono organization.18% of lawyers had cont acted their local bar association and 12.4% had contacted other organizations.In another way, attorneys are also contacted to take on pro bono cases. This is possible for a lawyer who had taken on pro bono cases in the past or has a relationship with a pro bono organization.47.5% of attorneys had been contacted by a legal aid or pro bono organization, 34% had been contacted by their local bar association, 29% had been contacted by their state bar association, and 21.3% had been contacted by other organizations.With these major ways of finding pro bono cases, an attorney can find relevant cases to their expertise.Initially, an attorney may have to reach out to some organizations to find pro bono cases. Subsequently, these organizations will usually contact the attorney when there are relevant cases.An attorney can also visit the pro bono center page on the American Bar Association website to get more information about pro bono services.CONCLUSIONThe legal profession aims to provide j ustice without any sign of partiality. But often, justice can be far-fetched for people who are unable to get adequate legal representation.This is why pro bono services are an avenue for lawyers to help people without any expectation of compensation. However, it’s too simplistic to say there’s no compensation.The biggest compensation of pro bono work is to be able to help a person in need get the justice they deserve.An attorney can feel satisfied that they’ve done the right thing. After all, the legal profession is not all about the amount of money you can make.Some lawyers get more satisfaction from pro bono work than their repetitive law firm work.In some cases, people who need pro bono services are fighting against bigger companies or entities that have enough money to bury their criminal acts.A lawyer can ensure that the helpless individual gets justice from the bigger entities. Pro bono work starts when an individual is a student at the law school.From here, the student can understand the importance of this practice and continue it when they get called to bar.Pro bono service is a practice that most lawyers see as important but that many are reluctant to do. It’s a service to the good of the people that any attorney must engage in.

Internet and Education Positive or Negative Aspect

Internet and Education: Positive or Negative Aspect? The Internet started to boom in the 1990’s and has continued to evolve ever since. Today the concept of what was thought to be one of the greatest inventions has blown this old-time invention out of the water. In order for the Internet to be accessible a computer device is needed. Today on we can carry the Internet in our hands with wireless access; as before it was a fixed machine usually on a desk with multiple cords attached. Noting that the invention of the computer and Internet has only increased in value and quality the rate of use has also increased significantly. This increase use of the Internet has affected and impacted people around the world. People use it at home, work and†¦show more content†¦This is only a small fraction of instructors and teachers around the world. Similar to Berger’s positive findings is a study conducted by Gwo-Jen Hwang, Po-Han Wu and Chi-Chang Chen. Their study addresses the topic of web-based problem-solving activities. According to the Hwang et al. (2012) study online web-based problem-solving games are found to be beneficial in education. In their study an online game was developed for conducting web-based learning activates (Hwang et al., 2012). Two classes of fifth and sixth graders participated in the study. One group was the experimental group while the other was the control group. The experimental group was guided by an educational computer game that used a Graphical Quiz approach to develop the game-board learning system, while the control group was guided by learning sheets and keyword search online (Hwang et al. 2012). Hwang et al. (2012) required both groups to take a pre-test and post-test regarding â€Å"butterfly ecology.† In result Hwang et al. (2012) reported the online-education game not only improved the students’ learning achievement and attitudes, but also situated the students’ in a learning state filled with involvement, concentration and enjoyment. The results also show how the approach was effective; the learning activity conducted in this study showed that students were highly motivated in their web-based problem-solving tasks (Hwang et al., 2012). Hwang et al. (2012) thus concludes thatShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Social Media On Society1359 Words   |  6 Pageseducational levels. Social media has had various contributions to the development of society on several aspects such as language and culture. These contributions brought both positive and negative results. This essay seeks to explore the positive effects of social media on the society. It is informed by the fact that social media, though inherently consisting of negative elements, has more positive benefits that it offers to the society. 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The media positively affects the American culture by the quick and easy flow of useful information and education, its major role in developments like fight against racism, fight against genderRead MorePresessional 2014The Use Of Elearning Is900 Words   |  4 Pagese-learning are that is can let learners gain knowledge and abilities from a variety countries on the Internet and it also overlaps all kinds of information and data in different courses. This research paper is divided into four parts. First is the background and the definition of e-l earning. Second is the positives aspects of e-learning of the English language learning. Third is the negative aspects of e-learning of the English language learning and the last is the effects of e-learning after its use

Telecommunication Principles Free Essay Example, 3250 words

If the two devices are located in distant places, this could mean that the data rate will be impaired. Similarly, short distances denote a strong network signal. With a strong signal, higher data transmission speeds will be experienced. Obstruction: obstacles to networks signals have been found to impair the data rates of the system. Walls, hills and other solid objects occurring in the way of transmission signals impair the speed of transmission. They slow down the signal and therefore reduce the transmission speed. Other obstacles may make it impossible for signals to penetrate, another setback to data rates. b) The Nyquist theorem: it is based on the assumption that noise is free. Nyquist provides the upper bound for the bit rate of a transmission system by determining the bit rate straight from the number of bits in a symbol and the bandwidth of the transmission system (assumption: 2 symbols/per cycle and first harmonic). In conclusion, it can be deducted that doubling the bandwidth doubles the data rate if only all other factors are equal. Shannon’s Theorem, on the other hand tries to determine the relationship between noise, data rate and error rate. We will write a custom essay sample on Telecommunication Principles or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This theorem is used to determine the capacity of a signal transmission system in where noise is present. The variation between the two theorems is that when the Shannon theorem gives us the upper limit, the Nyquest theorem tells us how many signal levels we require. (i) The theoretical highest bit rate C = B log2 (1 + SNR) 3000 log2 (1 + 35) = (ii) The applicable bit rate and number of signal levels First we determine the highest bit rate C = B log2 (1 + SNR) = 106 log2 (1+ 63) = 6 Mbps This is the upper limit in accordance with the Shannon formula. For higher performance and efficiency, we will use a lower value, let us say 4Mbps. The Nyquest formula will give us the levels of signal as follows 4 Mbps = 2 Ãâ€" 1 MHz Ãâ€" log2 L L = 4 L02.4 Q 2: impairments and their effects Path loss This is described as the loss in signal strength as the network signals are transmitted through space. Path loss has been identified as a major channel impairment that springs from wave expansion in the free space as a result of increased sphere. Factors that contribute to path loss include: Reflection: this is described as the change in direction of waves as a result of interaction with another surface. The result of reflection is that the wave goes back to the transmitting device (source of transmission).

Knowledge Sharing Free Essays

Creating a knowledge sharing culture in organizations today is a norm. Please comment. The most valuable asset with any organization is intellectual capital i. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Sharing or any similar topic only for you Order Now e knowledge. Hence it is inevitable for organizations to create, nurture and develop this asset to achieve sustainable advantage in the market. Organizations can leverage the power of knowledge and bring innovation in their product and service offerings, achieving higher customer satisfaction, higher revenues, profits etc. Ultimately it helps the organization meet its business objectives. A knowledge sharing culture encourages people to work together more effectively and collaborate to share information. It makes the organizational knowledge more productive. Hence creating a knowledge sharing culture has become a norm in organizations Why is sharing knowledge important? Can you list a few reasons? As mentioned earlier, the only sustainable competitive advantage is knowledge and continuous innovation. To achieve this, knowledge sharing is important.Today’s age is characterized by employees with high mobility. The concept of lifetime employment does not exist any longer. People change jobs for professional advancement and career growth. Hence when employees leave the organisation, their knowledge also walks out of the door with them. To retain the knowledge base within the organization, there has to be a knowledge sharing culture within the company. As more and more organizations operate in the global space, the boundaries of country, geography, culture etc cease to exist.The culture of knowledge sharing can ensure that expertise learnt and applied in one part of the organisation can be leveraged in another. The pace of change is accelerating, be it in technology, business or social. As things change our knowledge base erodes. Information becomes obsolete very soon and requires constant upgradation. Knowledge sharing comes to the rescue once again by not only conserving the knowledge base, but also upgrading the same What is the role of technology in sharing knowledge?Knowledge Management is fundamentally about people and information not technology. But there seems to be no way with which one can share knowledge effectively without using technology. This applies to small as well as large and geographically dispersed organizations. In the past it was impossible to share knowledge or work collaboratively with co-workers around the globe. But today, it is technology that has made knowledge sharing a reality. If implemented well and if people are trained in its use, knowledge sharing technology is good. Not only can you find the information and knowledge you need quickly and effectively but you can post your knowledge on the system for access by others in the organisation. Not only within the organization, web based advanced technology allows us to collaborate with anyone anywhere in the world to achieve our objectives. However, one must keep in mind that there are many pitfalls to the effective use of technology. Too much information, from a variety of sources, whether reliable or not leads to knowledge overflow. One must be able to use it diligently and carefully.Inculcating Innovation through Knowledge Sharing There are various opportunities provided to employees which enable them to come out with creative approaches and innovative ideas and share the same at an organizational platform. One such initiative was a contest to generate implementable innovative ideas in product/services, enhancements, process, and technology or in any other area that can lead to deliverable results. The best ideas were rewarded and suggested features/enhancements etc were implemented. This had a motivating effect on employees and ensured that they egularly come up with such solutions, thus keeping up the knowledge sharing culture.Such campaigns also lead to increased bonding motivation among the employees and encourage them to keep themselves updated, alert and conscious of various aspects of increasing efficiency effectiveness Open communication, exchange of dialogue, transparency in dealings, various formal and informal meetings, open house forums etc have inculcated the spirit of knowledge sharing within our organization. Thus the employees feel confident and motivated to contribute towards the growth of the organization. How to cite Knowledge Sharing, Papers

Conditioning Techniques in Clinical Practice and Research

Question: Discuss about the Conditioning Techniques in Clinical Practice and Research. Answer: Introduction: A hypothesis is a proposed explanation conceived for a particular phenomena that are to be tested for truthfulness. Researchers base hypotheses on observations acquired previously that had not led to satisfactory explanations. The hypothesis is different from a theory in all respect (Ly et al., 2016). Leary (2016) states that a hypothesis is the tentative statement about the relationship between the confounding variables. While the hypothesis is responsible for predicting the expectations of the research, the goal of the research is the determination of whether the hypothesis holds true or whether it is incorrect. According to Sterne (1840), it is the nature of a hypothesis that when an individual conceived it, that is assimilated every thing to itself as proper nourishment, and from the first moment of making it happen, the hypothesis usually grows stronger by everything that is seen, heard, read or understood. In the field of psychology, all significant researches have been known t o hold a clear stated hypothesis that has been tested for truthfulness. One of the most debated research in psychology is the one related to Classical Conditioning Theory of Ivan Pavlov that has thrown a valuable insight into the understanding of human behaviour. The research undertaken by Pavlov was based on a distinct hypothesis (Chilcott, 2015). In the present paper the hypothesis of Pavlovian Conditioning in psychology put forward by Ivan Pavlov, has been used to assess the degree to which individuals advancing it have treated the hypothesis in a manner how Stence have described it. The impact of such treatment for the hypothesis is also highlighted in the paper. Lastly, the paper also analyses the impact of such treatment for psychology. The paper ends with a conclusive summary of the whole discussion. Classical conditioning is a kind of mental conditioning that is associated with a previously neutral stimulus with the presence of an unconditional stimulus that elicits the desired response. It implies that a neutral stimulus is linked with an unconditioned stimulus for creating a response that should not have been created originally (Peter, 2014). The theory of classical conditioning had been put forward by Ivan Pavlov, a Russsian Scientist, who threw light upon the theory through his research. Pavlov was looking at salivation produced by dogs as a response to being fed. The people who were responsible for feeding the dogs wore lab coats while feeding. It was brought into his notice that the dogs drooled whenever they got a sight of the lab coats, even if food was not given to them. He noticed that the dogs used to salivate whenever he entered the room. This was true even in cases when the dogs were not fed by him. Pavlov started to generate the idea that the reflex of saliva had b een hardwired into the dogs. He, therefore, conducted an experiment to understand the phenomena more clearly that involved the dogs and food. The hypothesis of the study was that the dogs would respond to a neutral stimulus, and give a conditioned response. The sound of a bell was used as the neutral stimulus while linking it with other stimulus food. At the time of feeding the dogs, the bell was rung everytime. After repetition of the procedure, the researcher went into the room and rang only the bell without giving food. It was found that the salivation level of the dogs was increased when the bell was rung. The dogs were found to have learnt an association between the food and the bell and had eventually developed a new form of behaviour. Pavlov, therefore, succeeded in establishing a link between neutral stimulus and the conditioned response (Rescorla, 2014). Keller andSchoenfeld (2014) highlight that researcher John B. Watson further explored the hypothesis put forward by Pavlov and attempted to understand the implications of the hypothesis for practice. Watson, in the year 1921, undertook research with Albert, an 11-month-old infant child to verify the significant hypothesis. The aim of the research was to suitably condition Albert to be afraid of a white rat. This was done with a jarring, and loud noise, that acted as the unconditioned stimulus. Initially, the subject showed no signs of fear when the rat was presented to him. However, when the pairing of the rat was done with the loud noise, it was found that there was a development of fear from the rats in Albert. It was therefore presented that the loud noise was responsible for inducing fear in Albert, that acted as the unconditioned response. The implications of this valuable experiment indicated that classical conditioning possesses the ability to create phobia in human beings. As opined by Gross (2014) Pavlov had been successful in contributing a rich pool of new information, ideas and concepts to the domain of behavioural psychology. The interest of other researchers to testify the hypothesis of Pavlov include the works of Edward Thorndike. However, it was John Watson who carried forward research on the hypothesis of classical conditioning. The contribution of Pavlov into the field of psychology has been attributed for being indirect. The connection of the proposed hypothesis of Pavlov to behavioural psychology was first established by Watson as he felt that the experiments undertaken by Pavlov were a sound example of a good experimental methodology that can be utilised for observing the conditioning process of any secretory reflex. One can state in this regard that once the hypothesis of Pavlov came into the world, there were attempts to put it on stronger grounds and conceive it to be true in all respects. Moodley (2016), reflecting on the encounters of different psychologists with the hypothesis of classical conditioning theory, argued that research of John Watson was the most important in the context of the same field. In a quest to research more on the hypothesis, Watson ut focus upon more brilliant aspects of behavioural psychology. Watson believed that behavioural psychology is sheerly an objective experimental segment of natural science, wherein the theoretical goal is the prediction of behaviour as well as control of behaviour. The ultimate impact of the research of Watson was that behaviourism was conceived to be the scientific study of human behaviour. In addition, behaviourism was thought to have the goal of providing the foundation ground for understanding how humans behave. Kalat (2016) in this regard stated that Watson strived to collect data for one of his experiment in a distinct manner. Data collection was done by taking observations of many infants, several hundred in number, from the time of birth, through first one month of infancy and through the initial years of childhood. From the collected data it was concluded that young children from a background of well-to-do as well as poor are not suitable as good subjects. The rationale for this is that the behaviours of such children are complex. Watson also conducted other experiments on behaviourism that he published consequently. Another important experiment that Watson carried out was on his perspective on learning behaviour of individuals. This was termed as the theory of habit formation that has been illustrated adequately in several kinds of literature. Watson considered putting in front of a three-year-old child a problem box. The habits of manipulation of the child were well known. The problem box could only be opened after completion of a certain action. Before the box was handed over to the child, it was shown to the child that the box contained many candies and he was told that he needed to open the box for having the candies. The situation presented to him was new. The formed manipulations that he had learnt earlier were not to work in such situation. The actions taken by the child involved picking the box, pounding it on the floor, dragging it round, pushing it against the hard board, turning it over and striking it with full force with his fist. In summation, the child carried out all the actions that he had learnt previously in similar situations. While trying to attempt to open the box, he accidently opened the box. One candy was given to him, and the box was again closed. The next time the boy was found to make fewer movements, and for the next time, there were fewer movements in comparison. After several attempts, he was able to open the box in almost two secon ds. Watson gave an explanation of the illustration of learning. He proposed that the ability of the box with increased accuracy and fewer movements were a function of recency and frequency. The acts that are performed more frequently usually persists within an individual. Watson identified nine hypothetical laws of learning. The first and second were recency and frequency. The third hypothesis was that conditioning is a major method of stimulu substitution. The fourth hypothesis was that the process of conditioning is ultimately ubiquitous. The fifth hypothesis was that conditioned responses have a tendency to be unstable and temporary. The sixth hypothesis was that substituted stimulus have chances of making other stimulus reflex. The seventh hypothesis was that the degree of response has a high amount of dependency on the strength the stimulus has. A summation effect of two stimuli can take place in certain cases. The last hypothesis was that conditioned responses could be attributed t o being extinguished. Neale (2017) has analysed that researchers who have examined the classical conditional theory of Pavlov and taken forward the research have put forward a number of criticisms of it. The researchers have opined that classical conditioning is a passive form of learning and it could be overcome with the help of cognitive factors. In the case of classical conditioning, it works best with natural reflexes and novel stimuli. A number of genetic predispositions can interfere with the principle of classical conditioning. In addition, the theory has been pointed out to be too simplistic and too deterministic. In addition, it does not consider individuals own cognition. The application of the theory to human beings have been a topic of debate, and therefore the number of opponents of the theory and the hypothesis of Pavlov has increased considerably. In words of Gershman et al., (2013) modern classical conditioning have been a major step in the way of bringing advancements in the work of Pavlov theory. Pavlov along with his contemporaries have viewed classical conditioning as a form of learning that originates from exposure of an organism to different associates of environmental occurrences. Modern classical conditioning theorists, such as R. Rescorla, have defined it in a more concise manner. The researcher puts emphasis on the principle that a temporal association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is, at no circumstances, adequate for the occurrence of Pavlovian conditioning. As an alternative, conditioned stimulus needs to have some relation with some facts of the unconditioned stimulus. The significance that this distinction holds is reflected in the experiment undertaken by scientist Kamin. In the valuable experiment conducted by him, he exposed rats to a certain tone followed by a shock. As per the conditioning principles, the tone acted as a conditioned response. The same set of rats were then exposed to the tone, followed by a light and then a shock. At this case, the light did not act as a conditioning agent. The reason for this was that the tone had already established a relation with the arrival of the shock. Therefore, the information brought about by the light was useless and did not contribute to the conditioning. Though there was a temporary association between shock and light, it failed to bring about any form of conditioning. Neisser (2014) has pointed out that ensuing research of Pavlov had the aim of discovering the laws responsible for governing the relationship between stimulus. The associations were considered to be conditioned reflexes for differentiating them from other forms of reflexes that are unconditioned. At the contemporary era, the means by which a relation is established between an unconditioned response and a conditioned stimulus is known as classical conditioning. The observations received from such associations were the starting point of experiments conducted on this topic with the similar hypothesis. The various experiments that were undertaken in the following times had to deal with the understanding of how the associations between the stimulus and the response were built, sustained, attenuated or strengthened. For the next two and half decades, several experiments were conducted in the laboratory of Pavlov along the discussed lines. The thirst of going deep into the topic was so much that a number of vague proposals came up and different individuals gave different opinions and viewpoints. Pavlov had described the term psychic stimulation of gastric secretion in his book named Die Arbiet der Verdauungsdrusen, the first description of natural conditioned reflex came up later in the works of another research Dr Tolochinov. A wide array of researches had been published after that, however, there was a lack of comprehensive reports on conditioned reflexes. James (2013) outlined some of the most critical concepts founded on the basis of the experiment of Pavlov. The first concept was about the way a conditioned reflex is developed. Other concepts were regarding experimental extinction, spontaneous recovery, higher order conditioning, generalisation and discrimination. Groome and Eysenck (2016) discussed about the works of Vladimir Bekhterev and his take on the hypothesis of classical conditioning of Pavlov. As per the researchers, Bekhterev had pointed out multiple flaws in the work of Pavlov and did not agree with the hypothesis. The first flaw pointed out was the use of the saliva method. This was due to the fact that the saliva method is not proper to be applied to humans. In contrast, the method used by Bekhterev for studying the conditioned reflex with the help of mild electrical stimulation for the examination of motor reflexes was successful in demonstrating the presence of the discussed reflex even in human beings. The use of acid for encouraging saliva in animals was also put under questions by Bekhterev. Lastly, Bekhterev criticised the secretory reflex to be unreliable and unimportant. In conclusion from the above analysis it can be stated that Pavlovs experiments on classical conditioning could dramatically demonstrate the control of the environment upon behaviour. The hypothesis that individuals are responsive to cues in the environment has been analysed by the different researchers in the consecutive researches after Pavlov. In fact, there is an involvement of classical conditioning in every aspect of our lives. Therefore, bringing changes in our environment would be an effective method of self-help. Changing reactions towards the environment is an approach founded on the basis of classical conditioning. If conditioning can have a major role in bringing development in certain human factors, conditioning has also been seen to eliminate the factors. From the chain of experiments undertaken by different researchers after Pavlov, it can be demonstrated that a hypothesis grows stronger with the process of analysing it and considering it for different situations. From the point, Pavlov had put forward the hypothesis of classical conditioning, with each passing phase of further research the hypothesis has only grown stronger and has been supported by several proofs and direct and indirect evidence. Concepts from Pavlovian hypothesis have been found to have a number of ramifications. The hypothesis has been time and again considered for explaining many multi-faceted puzzling facades of behaviour exhibited by humans. In summation, individuals advancing the hypothesis of Pavlov have therefore treated the hypothesis in a manner described by Stence. References Alexander, L. (2013).Conditioning techniques in clinical practice and research. Springer. Chilcott, L. (2015). Who Are We: Behaviourism and Cognitive Theories: 2/5. Gershman, S. J., Jones, C. E., Norman, K. A., Monfils, M. H., Niv, Y. (2013). Gradual extinction prevents the return of fear: implications for the discovery of state.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience,7, 164. Groome, D., Eysenck, M. (2016).An introduction to applied cognitive psychology. Psychology Press. Gross, R. (2014).Themes, issues and debates in psychology. Hodder Education. James, W. (2013).The principles of psychology. Read Books Ltd. Kalat, J. W. (2016).Introduction to psychology. Nelson Education. Keller, F. S., Schoenfeld, W. N. (2014).Principles of psychology: A systematic text in the science of behavior(Vol. 2). BF Skinner Foundation. Leary, M. R. (2016).Introduction to behavioral research methods. Pearson. Ly, A., Verhagen, J., Wagenmakers, E. J. (2016). Harold Jeffreyss default Bayes factor hypothesis tests: Explanation, extension, and application in psychology.Journal of Mathematical Psychology,72, 19-32. Moodley, J. K. (2016). Psychologythemes and variations.New Voices in Psychology,11(2), 108-111. Neale, M. C. (2017). Introduction to Psychology. Neisser, U. (2014).Cognitive psychology: Classic edition. Psychology Press. Peter, V. E. (2014). Introduction to psychology.Instructor. Rescorla, R. A. (2014).Pavlovian Second-Order Conditioning (Psychology Revivals): Studies in Associative Learning. Psychology Press. Sterne, L. (1840). The Works...: With a Life of the Author. Grigg Elliot.

What is the nature of fast food advertising in North America

Public Health Promotion Strategy Essays

Public Health Promotion Strategy Essays Public Health Promotion Strategy Essay Public Health Promotion Strategy Essay Public Health Promotion Strategy of Lhuntse Introduction Public health is the first priority of a nation as health is the chief priority to man. According to the American Public Health Association, APHA(2001), public health as the practice of preventing diseases and promoting good health within groups of people from small communities to entire countries. The functions of public health include preventing epidemics, monitoring health status of the population, developing policies and laws to protect health, providing health care services at all costs and all activities related to benefiting public and their health. Bhutan, within the confines of China in the north and India in the south, was a late bloomer in to development. Now, 90% of the population has access to basic health care services delivered through a network of 29 hospitals, 176 Basic Health Units and 541 outreach clinics. Of the twenty Dzongkhags or districts in Bhutan, Lhuentse dzongkhag is one of the least developed with eight gewogs. â€Å"Most of the villages are still in accessible with lack of roads and electricity. one hospital, 11 Basic Health Units and 31 Outreach clinics render public health services in the dzongkhag. About 50% of the households have access to piped drinking water supply. †(Ninth five year plan, Bhutan, n. d). This paper plans to focus on studying the public health sector scenario in the particular dzongkhag and improving it. Purpose of the action plan Purpose of the action plan is to promote various factors such as followings To improve maternal health care, it is very essential to provide healthy manner of health services to improve maternal health care to make pregnancy safe. Mother’s education, Mother’s education is the basic knowledge of parenting. To Improvement in food supply and sanitation, improvements in food supply and sanitation will lead to increase life spans and reduce disease. Initiatives taken by the health services such as clean drinking water supply and hygiene directly help in improvement in food supply and sanitation. To Reduce in Poverty, to make reduction in poverty line . To Change living standard, with the development taking place in t he country, living standard of the people has been rapidly changed. Public health Issues and Concerns Lhuentse Dzongkhags has the concern over the issues related to public health as follows; As the morbidity among the children under five year of age and all pregnant women and women in child bearing age was accounted to , Male-767 and Female-642. (PHCB, pg. 191). The number of deliveries of the new born babies attended by health professionals was – 90 pregnant women, whereas, the number of deliverie not attended was recorded to -231 cases as noted in (PHCB, pg. 04). According to PHCB, 2005,The Dzongkhag has also noted the increase in the number of disables that was numbered to 990 people and most were disabled to seeing that was recorded to-327 people. (PHCB,pg. 211) Most of the people in the Dzongkhag had limited access to safe drinking water with the account of 253 households having piped water within house and 2377 households having piped water outside house. (PHCB, pg. 222) 5. The people in the Dzongkhag had limited acces to basic health facility of proper toilet. As, 2143 households had the accessibility to pit latrine and 423 households had no latrines at all (PHCB, pg. 241). The issues also includes, Maternal and child health The lack of nutrition in the diet leading to malnutrition Outbreak of infectious diseases The high alcohol consumption leading to increase in alcohol related diseases (Liver cirrhosis). Public Health Promotion Strategy Their strategies put emphasis on improvement ofquality of services, development of human and institutional capacity, and decentralization with focus on rural access. 1. Enhance the quality of health services To improve the quality of services and further consolidate the infrastructure. Standardization and quality assurance, focusing on diagnostic and healing aspects, and use of appropriate technology. 2. To reach the inaccessible population There are still population groups who are not reached satisfactorily by the health services. Taking into account all of the problems and factors, Out Reach Clinics (ORCs) have been constructed and organized. 3. Strengthen traditional medicine system The traditional medicine system is being strengthened with the emphasis on human resource development through the Institute of Traditional Medicine. This has also been included in the ordinary health services at the hospital. The capacity and productivity of the Pharmaceutical Units have been increased.

Aboriginal history in north america-the circle of life with mention of Essay

Aboriginal history in north america-the circle of life with mention of the medicine wheel - Essay Example There were numerous ways in which the circle of life is interpreted, all of which illustrate the need for harmonious existence with others and nature. The medicine wheel is a physical manifestation of spiritual energy, through which one can visualize surrounding events, which allowed the Aboriginals to be in harmony with the self and nature by creating notions of new life and renewal (Liebmann 69). The circle illustrates continuity of nature and in human beings, while the four points bear different meanings, for instance, nature’s four elements that are: fire, earth, air and water are all part of the same physical world and should be respected (The Sacred Foundation of Aboriginal Education 5). In addition, it is indicative of human development stages as well as the human potentialities, which include mental, physical, emotional and spiritual. The circle of life also teaches that the symbolic races are part of the same human family, and should live in harmony as brothers and sisters. In this regard, as the Europeans explored the new territory, they would be compelled to respect nature and other races present before them. Thus, the Aboriginal people continued with their beliefs regardless of the prevailing new influence and culture (Bramadat and Seljak 266). Winnipeg, Manitoba. Cultural & Spiritual Values The Sacred Foundation of Aboriginal Education 2012, Sustaining our Ways: Educating for Sustainability. 2012. Web. 9 Oct. 2012.

Exploring Organisations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Exploring Organisations - Research Paper Example Information was gathered on several main areas by searching the given case study, academic libraries, websites and reports. Best Management Practices that include the proper handling, storage and disposal of oil should be adopted instead of dumping the oil into near by river . Purchase recycled products such as oil and grease. By doing so, you help ensure a use for recyclable materials. Wash greasy equipment such as vents and vehicles in designated wash areas with an appropriate oil/water separator before storing outside. Ensure that designated wash areas are properly connected to the sewer system. To solve issues autocratic management and issues in communication between the strategic management and the works manager and works staff caused due to the resignation of works director which in turn led to many disputes: Democratic style: In contrast to the autocratic style, the organization should use democratic decision-taking in many parts of the business. Everyone has the opportunity to contribute ideas to the decision. There are two types of democratic decision-making: To solve disputes arising out of lack of involvement and communication with the work force and issues arising out of scientific management approach which leads to very little communication with work force exists: Open door policy should be adopted in certain areas t... Recommendations To solve pollution issue caused by leakage of oil from servicing vehicles to near by river: Best Management Practices that include the proper handling, storage and disposal of oil should be adopted instead of dumping the oil into near by river . Purchase recycled products such as oil and grease. By doing so, you help ensure a use for recyclable materials. Wash greasy equipment such as vents and vehicles in designated wash areas with an appropriate oil/water separator before storing outside. Ensure that designated wash areas are properly connected to the sewer system. To solve issues autocratic management and issues in communication between the strategic management and the works manager and works staff caused due to the resignation of works director which in turn led to many disputes: Democratic style: In contrast to the autocratic style, the organization should use democratic decision-taking in many parts of the business. Everyone has the opportunity to contribute ideas to the decision. There are two types of democratic decision-making: 1. Persuasive democratic management - here the leader makes the decision first and then persuades employees that he or she has made the right decision 2. Consultative democratic management - this involves the group contributing to the decision making process, with the leader making the final decision. To solve disputes arising out of lack of involvement and communication with the work force and issues arising out of scientific management approach which leads to very little communication with work force exists: Open door policy should be adopted in certain areas to make the work force feel important. Their views and problems should be attended to sincerely and they should be

Self Confidence Thinking

Self Confidence Thinking Self-confidence is the belief in your own ability when doing anything, by viewing yourself positively and realistically about yourself and your environment. (Densky 2006) In addition, you also need to believe that you have the ability to succeed. (Kent 2007) Self-confidence is also when you feel certain about yourself, your actions, decisions and opinions, and self-reliance. (Hawkins, Swannell Weston 1998, pg141) Yet, self-confidence is a very useful and powerful tool for everyone to achieve goals and fulfill wishes. Everywhere you go and everything you do, self-confidence is needed for your accomplishment of what you did. For all these while, many people think that they know what and how self-confidence is, but why some of them could not succeed in what they did. This is because they do not fully understand what self-confidence really is and know the proper and effective ways to improve it. Actually, improving self-confidence is very much depending on ones own self. Moreover, the ways to improve self-confidence are easy as long as you have a strong will to follow and never give up. Hence, self-confidence can be improved through inner of yourself by thinking positively, believing in yourself, setting realistic goals and learning. Upon understanding what self-confidence is, it is encompasses to know how a self-confident person is. A self-confident person is an optimistic, loving, independent, assertive, eager, self-respect and self-control person, and believe and know well about own abilities. (Mitchell 2007) Physically, a self-confident person looks confident with positive body language and good posture. That are, standing, sitting and walking with straight back, grasping hands in front or back of body, walking with wide steps, firm handshakes, making eye contact and smiling are signs of self-confidence. (2 Know Myself 2007)(Raudsepp 2007) Your viewers will see you confidence and they will have trust in you as you are telling them that â€Å"I can do it†. When you talk, walk, think behave and feel, self-confidence is shown. (USA Swimming 2004) In contrast, a lack of self-confidence person is a pessimist, passivity, distrust, perfectionist, sensitive to criticism and failure, inferior, isolated, self-doubt and depressed. (Mitchell 2007) Lack of self-confidence person always put on a sad, worry or confuse look, slump or bend shoulder when sitting and walking, and folding arms, sometimes with crossing legs. (2 Know Myself 2007) These positions labeled you as uncomfortable, unfriendly, annoying and not interesting which caused people around feel the same as you too. Your family members, friends and people around you will unlikely to approach you as you are telling them â€Å"Do not come near me†, â€Å"I can not help you† or â€Å"I can not do it†. Hence, you should not blame them for ignoring you. The first and main way to improve your self-confidence is thinking positively. Thinking positively is being happy, healthy with optimism and powerful with hopes. (Lopper 2007) You have to be positive even though you are feeling negative. This is because thinking negatively is very much affecting your self-confident. You may have Ps with you when you want to do something, that is, positive because if you always think about negative things, it is sure that you will fail. (USA Swimming 2004) However, this does not mean that you are ignoring the negative events but you accept them, look for the best in the events, and obtain ways to turn them into positive. There, you will see opportunity and hopes to restart again. (Lopper 2007) Moreover, for an example, you have lost in a competition. No doubt, you were feeling depressed, disappointed, angry, embarrassed, regretful and hopeless, or even worst, want to die. Initially, calm down yourself and recall some happy or past successes in your life included during the competition and success that you desired. When you are recalling, of course, the sad moments of the competition will make you more depressed and emotional. Then, you will keep on asking yourself, â€Å"Why am I so stupid?†, â€Å"I should have done that† or â€Å"Why did I do that?† as these are negative questions that make you feeling negative. Now, you look for way and opportunity by telling yourself, â€Å"Yes, I can restart. I shall prepare for the coming next competition. I will try harder this time.† Hence, you will feel relief and happy and able to stand up again. Some events such as competition have second round but some events seem like no hope such as lost of family member. However, no matter how, there is always hope and you should forget the past and face the future happily. This is because your family member wants you to continue your life happily. Firstly, you need to think positively by accepting and loving yourself. If you treat, judge or criticize yourself too cruel, you are lowering down your self-confidence. You should accept, be thankful upon what you have and feel proud of yourself, as there is meaning and value beneath it. Then, you should love yourself by taking care of your health, relaxing, awarding yourself when you have done well and advising yourself if you failed. Hence, you are feeling happy, good and positive with yourself. That is, you have your self-esteem and self-confidence. The most common negative view about oneself is the physical look, that are, not beautiful, not charming, fat body, too short, small eyes or flat nose. You must not compare yourself with others because it is a bad habit where you will forget what is good about you as you comparing you poor criteria with others will put yourself at the weak end. As a result, you will lose your self-confidence. (2 Know Myself 2007) Refer to Dr Sandra Scott, you must not chase after unattainable ideals but feel comfortable with the shape you are. (BBC UK 2007) According to Dr. Joe Rubino, accepting and being grateful of what you have, you can eliminate the feeling of incompleteness and dissatisfaction and peace your inner self towards confidence. Secondly, you also need to think positively about the predicted outcomes. People who are lack of self-confidence are tending to predict the negative outcome before they start doing anything although the reality is not that bad. (Mitchell 2007) You must focus on your strengths rather than your weaknesses. For instance, you want to take part in the competition. Before the competition started, because of certain obstacles such as difficulty or feeling threaten by competitors, you predicted that you are not going to win the competition. The reality will not be worst as if you think if you have tried. There are some people claimed that by thinking positively, they even worst, that is, they failed and by thinking negatively can be more successful than thinking positively. These are explainable because they are too focusing on thinking instead of concentrating on what they were doing and they are some people who can use negative thinking to stimulus and challenge themselves. For example usi ng self-talk, â€Å"I am scare to lose† or â€Å"You have to do it or you will regret†. Actually, thinking is your mental preparation before you start to do something. (USA Swimming 2004) Before you start your ‘engine, thinking is the fuel to the ‘engine; hence, you have the power to work for your goal as mental preparation provides you with confidence. As soon as you start, you must concentrate on making your goal alive. Furthermore, you can generate positive thinking by listen and witness positive materials. (Zaak OConan 2005) You can see and model others successes can enhance self-confidence. (USA Swimming 2004) You can read from books and articles about success people, watch their performances and identify their hard work. That would be your idol. From them, you are not ask to intimate them but be motivated and inspired by them. Hence, you can improve your self-confidence. The second way to improve your self-confidence is believing in yourself. That is, you need to think that you have the good in yourself. Hence, you figure out your abilities, strengths, intelligence, achievements or special skills through your interest. (Raudsepp 2007) The lack of ability does not necessary mean that you are lack of self-confidence. (Densky 2006) Therefore, you must believe and discover that you have something more special and powerful than others do, as every human is different. (The National Womens Health Information Center (NWHIC), US 2007) There is no one will always be the best. If you believe that â€Å"I can† and not â€Å"I can not†. If you believe â€Å"I am losing†, â€Å"I can not do this† or â€Å"I am out†, then you are really out as it is sure that you will not succeed. You must believe that you can be the best of you too. As you believe in yourself, hence, you must know yourself by discovering who you are on your own as no one can understand more than you do. This is mean that you are being independent in improving your self-confidence. You are on your own and not controlled and influenced by other person on what you do and unwilling to be under others obligation. (Hawkins, Swannell Weston 1998, pg346) You can be yourself and do what you want to do without having to wait for others approval. (Rybakov 2007) You do not have follow what others say or do, or let others create you, but you refer and create it in yourself with your own way. You do not have to be someone else although you admire to be that person. You can not force yourself or forced by others to make you become a person. You can be about something of your own. You can discover yourself by involving in community events, clubs and society in school or college or meaningful activities such charity or help someone. (Roker 2004) You will feel à ¢â‚¬Ëœcontained, useful and have hopes to live. You also realize that your life is meaningful. As you believe in yourself, you must be assertive as you are sure about your judgments and you have you own opinions and thought. Therefore, you must be able to voice out your opinions to others. You should not let anyone treat you like a doll, taking and playing you around. If you know that you are fooling by others and you are very angry, you should not keep and cry inside of you because you scare to let them know your real feeling. As you being assertive, you are able to express your feelings and desires non-aggressively to let other knows. (2 Know Myself 2007) You assert in what you want and do not want, you do not hide yourself in the behind, you step up to pursue your desire. In addition, there most common expression that most people are afraid of is saying â€Å"No†. If you are sure that you could not do, tell them â€Å"No, sorry, I cannot do it†. Another way to improve your self-confidence is setting realistic goals. Realistic goals must be achievable, neither too high nor low. The goals must meet your expectation and demand. Before that, you should understand your ability and create a reasonable standard for yourself. You cannot be good in everything. Too high standards or expectations will gradually weaken ones confidence and have self-doubt. In contrast, too low standards may cause one to be over-confident as he or she will of course feel so easy to reach his or her goals which make he or she think that â€Å"I am the best.† (Stevens 2005) It is no good for you to be perfectionist who likes to set impracticable goals or high standard that hard to achieve for himself or herself and ends up self-confidence being degraded. (2 Know Myself 2007) A perfectionist will say â€Å"I want everyone to love me†, â€Å"I can not make any mistake† or â€Å"I want to be perfect†. (2 Know Myself) You should know that no one is perfect in this world. People will lose their confidence if their goals are not achieved. Hence, you can try to follow on your abilities, strengths, decisions and express yourself as confidence comes from you when you being the best of you and not being others. (Coan 2005) In fact, make good use of your talents and abilities, set your own achievable goals and concentrate in whatever you do. (Wix 2003) As you know what you can do best, you choose to become the â€Å"master† of your strengths by mastering the art of focusing your power in the most worthy rather than being perfectionist. From noth ing, you increase your strengths which your self-confidence is improving too. (Swindell 2007) Again, another way to improve self-confidence is learning. In order to have self-confidence, you must be willing to learn from experience and new things and keep on learning. Self-confidence does not come immediately as you have to learn. You will not always be the same that is why you need to enhance yourself. Self-confidence is fragile, hence, you learn to maintain it. This can be illustrated by knife which you need to sharpen it sometimes so that you can cut better and easily. For example, you have learned and practice to dance, hence, you can dance gracefully. Then, you stop and dance again after sometimes. You will not dance as graceful as last time but if you willing to learn and practice again, you will dance well again and if you keep on practicing, you even become better and better. When you learn well, you have understood what you do and you do not feel doubt or fear to do it as you have the confidence to do it already. Although you have learn well a skill, you must not stop instead you practice to maintain and develop it. You need to learn forever. Specifically, you learn from experiences such mistakes, failures, criticisms and successes. Failure always makes ones feel lack of self-confidence. Failure will cause ones to feel. A self-confidence person learns more by making a lot of mistakes and failures. He or she does not scare of failure instead accept the failure and identify the reason of your failing. Failure is able to develop you and help you to explore the outer world. You are failing when you give up.(Rybakov 2007) As you make more mistake, you have learn more by trying again and becoming better with confidence then you will get what you dream for. (Rybakov 2007) When your family members or friends criticize you, you do not have to feel disappointed. You evaluate the critics, identify whether the critics are true. If it is true, accept and learn from it, and change it. If it is not, you can show them their mistakes of criticizing you. You also must be innovative, that is, willing to learn new things such as new skills and knowledge. People who are self-confident will not scare to try new things instead like new challenges. As the world is changing rapidly, many things are changing too especially results of great invention and development of science and technology. Hence, we also should go with the trend and change to adapt to the new environment. As every new things or events come, our self-confidence will be lower because we do not know how to deal with them. Therefore, you should learn to handle them by developing yourself with new skills. In addition, you must be able to take risk as challenge, regardless big or small and the results, the process improves your self-confidence. (Zaak O Conan 2005) For instance, consider you do not know how to ride a bicycle and you want to ride the bicycle. You need to learn to balance your body when riding the bicycle. Of course, when you learn to balance, you will fell for num ber of times before you can ride the bicycle well. Here, you must not scare to fell, scare of pain as you take them as challenges. Self-confidence is the inner self-management towards reality and positive of oneself and the world. People who are self-confidence have positive thinking, understand whom and how they are, trust in themselves, achievable goals, personality and strong will for development. We can maintain and build up our self-confidence by having favourable perceptions about ourselves and everything around us, conviction on your judgment and evaluation, hold on own self-concept, appropriate and real missions of life, and non-stop studying about life to increase standard of yourself. Self-confidence gives your power to live meaningfully. Self-confidence drives you to your dreams of successes. Although, self-confidence does not guarantee success, but, at least you have try to pursue what you wish for, and therefore, there is no regret at the end of your life. Therefore, close your eyes, think who you are and what do you want in your life, fill up your confidence and go after your dreams as time goes by fast and will not stop for you. On the other hand, you must know how to balance your confidence as do not have too much self-confidence, that is, overconfidence which may lead to failure too. It is improving and repairing your self-confidence, and not boost it up high. Reference Hawkins, J.M., Weston, J Swannell, JC 1998, The Oxford Study Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn Bhd, Shah Alam. Stevens, TM 1998, Self-Confidence: Our Expectation of Success, You Can Choose To Be Happy, Wheeler-Sutton Publishing Co. Chapter 6: Self-Confidence, United Stated Swimming. Retrieved: November 16, 2007, from http://usaswimming.org Coan, G 2005, Become More Self-Confident Retrieved: October 24, 2007, from http://ezinearticles.com/?Become-More-Self-Confidenceid=10267 Densky, A.B. 2006, Self-Confidence, What Is It And How Do I Get It? Neuro-Vision. Retrieved: October 27, 2007, from http://www.neuro-vision.us/Article/Self-Confidence-What-Is-It.html Improving confidence, BBC Relationship, The British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved: November 16, 2007, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/relationships/improving_your_confidence/ Kent, M 2007, The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science Medicine: Sports Science Medicine Information About Self-Confidence, The Oxford University Press. Retrieved: November 8, 2007, from http://www.answer.com.topic/sefl-confidence Lopper, J 2007, How to Think Positively: Break the bad habit of negative thinking. Retrieved: November 16, 2007, from http://changing-personal-habits.suite101.com/article.cfm/how_to_think_positively Mitchell, S 2007, Counseling Services: Suicide Prevention Training (QPR): Self-Confidence, State University of New York at Buffalo. Retrieved: October 24, 2007, from http://ub-counseling.buffalo.edu/self-con.shtml Raudsepp, E 2004 Strong Self-Esteem Can Help You Advance, The Wall Street Journal: Executive Career, CareerJournal.com, Dow Jones Company, Inc. Retrieved: November 17, 2007, from http://www.careerjournal.com/myc/climbing/20040810-raudsepp.html The National Womens Health Information Center (NHWHIC), U.S. 2007. Retrieved: October 28, 2007, from http://www.girlshealth.gov/mind/selfconfidence.low.htm Rybakov, E 2007, Self-esteem guide: Improve Your Self-Confidence Through Mistakes And Failure. Retrieved: November 18, 2007, from http://www.self-esteem-guide.com/ImproveYourSelf-Confidence.html Roker, MM 2004 Ten Empowering Tips For Your Teen. Retrieved: October 24, 2007, from http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/parenting_insights/110824 Rubino, J, n.d. Definition: Building Self-Confidence. Retrieved: November 8, 2007, from http://www.selfgrowth.com/articles/Definition_Building_Self-Confidence.html Self-Confidence: Building Self-confidence, 2 Know Myself 2007. Retrieved: October 27, 2007, from http//www.2knowmyself.com/self_confidence/Building_self_confidence Signs of Self-Confidence, 2 Know Myself 2007. Retrieved: October 27, 2007, from http//www.2knowmyself.com/self_confidence/Building_self_confidence Swindell, G 2007, The Voice of Change: Developing Your Self-Confidence. Retrieved: November 17, 2007, from http://www.geneswindell.com/articles.htm Wix, DG 2003, How To Build Your Self-Confidence After a Layoff. Retrieved: November 8, 2007, from http://www.mental-health-matters.com/articles/article.php?artID=616 Zaak OConan, 2005, Boost Your Confidence: How to Succeed At Being Yourself. Retrieved: November 16, 2007, from ReedFloren.com

To Be Or Not To Be A Criminal: A View On Young Offenders And Young Victims Of Crimes

Everyday we hear about news on crimes committed almost everywhere in the world. What is not anymore surprising to hear is that most of the persistent offenders and victims of crimes are young people. No matter how not surprising it can be, it has been a growing public concern. This work aims to understand why these young people are the most common offenders and victims of crimes, the factors which pushed them to commit crimes, and gender differences of the offenders and victims. Furthermore, a view on the reasons why the Black youth has the greater tendency of committing and being victimized by crimes will also be discussed. An individual who is 17 years old or younger is classified as a young offender or victim of crime. It has been observed that the presence of certain risk factors in a young individual’s life most likely increases his vulnerability in committing crimes. Such particular factors include personal, family, social, educational and mental health factors. When we speak of personal factors, these involve alienation and lack of social commitment. Family factors are poor parental supervision and discipline, low family income or social isolation, family conflict and parental criminality. Social factors are hanging around in public places, availability of illegal drugs, opportunity for crime and peer involvement in problem behavior. Educational factors include lack of commitment to school, disruptive behavior, low achievement and school disorganization. In regard to mental health factors, these are aggressive and anti-social behavior, emotional disorders and severe mental illnesses. You can read also King v Cogdon Additionally, it was also studied that young people in care are the most disadvantaged and socially excluded population. Hence, their low educational attainment increases their chances of being unemployed, becoming homeless and more likely to engage in anti-social behavior and crime. Furthermore, the young people have the greater tendency of committing and becoming offenders of crimes should there be proof of evidence of the availability of multiple risk factors in their lives. As much as young people commit crime disproportionately, they also suffer from it. Analysis on the experiences of young people showed that they are generally at greater risk of all types of violence than older people. Violent offences are predominantly committed against young people, and more often against men than women. It has been observed that males are more delinquent and victimized than females. Such difference in gender and youth crime is affected by the seriousness of the crime being committed. A study by Carrington and Moyer (1998) states that females are less likely to commit crimes involving the use of weapon which most of the time result to major injury or death to the victim. Furthermore, females are much less inclined in targeting a private residence to commit crimes probably because males are more likely to be involved in break and enter offences. The males, having the greater chances of being violent, are therefore more delinquent in committing crimes. Hence, such tendency also pushes them to commit crimes against male victims whom they think will have the lesser opportunity of fighting back, or should they fight back, such offenders will take the risk in placing great injury or killing their victims. Young chronic offenders may be defined as a group of individual who are responsible for the most severe crimes and are most likely to continue such criminal activity until they reached adulthood. Family and environment play vital role whether or not youth become chronic offenders. Chronic juvenile delinquents display a huge amount of anti-social behavior whether or not they belong to the same social class or racial group. Hence, the vulnerability of youth in committing crimes does not depend solely in a particular class or racial or ethnic group. As long as the same factors exist in the youth’s life, the greater the tendency of them becoming juvenile delinquents. It has been learned that these young chronic offenders have history of lying, stealing, or doing poorly in school when they are still of tender age. Such behavior patterns will not be outgrown as easily as it may appear. In regard to the issue why there are more black youth offenders in the society as well as juvenile delinquents from the lower class who commit crimes, it is fair to note that racial and social status should not only be the determining factor why these people have been tagged as chronic crime offenders. Geographical factors as well as the number of population of blacks and other races in a particular place are vital elements in the determination of the weight of crimes being committed. It would be too racist to establish the black youth as chronic crime offenders. Economic deprivation may be an issue in committing crimes but belonging in the lower class does not necessarily mean that most youth belonging in this social bracket have the most tendency of becoming offenders.

Julia Salas

Julia Salsas – the woman Alfred fell in love with and the sister-in-law of Judge Del Valley. She Is the other girl of Alfred Salary who remains single in her entire life. Julia Salsas Is a smart girl In a way that she Just let go after she knew that Alfred Is engaged to Spenserian. Carmen – Carmen is the sister of Alfred Salary and the daughter of Don Julian. She this â€Å"wide† understanding. Donna Delia – sister of Julia Salsas, she is small and plump but a pretty woman with a complexion of a baby with an expression of a cow. Bribing Sammy – she is the illusive woman whose Alfred is looking for. Title: The Small KeyBy: Pas Lateran Solaced – (also Challenge) a woman who's on her pass twenties. She is the second wife of Pedro. She is curious and discontented on what she knows about his husband's past marriage. She worries that those things she found in the trunk owned by his husband will destroy their relationship, and so she still managed t o burn all those things. Tia Maria – she is the housemaid of Pedro and Solaced. She also helped Pedro in taking care of his wife Solaced when Solaced was not feeling well. Title: Harvest By: Loretta Para's – Slit Miss Francis – She is a tall woman having a voice too deep and throaty.She is not exactly very young or very beautiful but there is something disquieting in the instrument of her features and the mole on her face Just above her lips tinged her whole face with a strange loveliness. Vidal and Fabian have feelings for her. She mold figures out of clay. Tinny – she is the wife of Fabian. An obedient wife and a loving mother to her child. Mila – She is the lady Fabian wanted to be marry to his brother Vidal. Amelia's family owns a lot of carobs. Turning – she is the child of Fabian and Tinny, who have white skin as those of the rice grains and her nose is high-bridged.A girl who respects her parents. Title: Zeta and the man in Her Life B y: Arturo B. Rotor Zeta – She is the daughter of Don Older, a simple and a sweet daughter. She has feelings for Mr.. Retch but as what she's not expecting, fate didn't cooperate to her feelings. She knew little things about how a lady should act and display her physiques. By: Matador T. Adagio Alumna – she is the first wife of Away. She love Away so much that she let go of Away after knowing that they can't bear a child. Alumna is sweet and patient that she even visited during Dyads wedding ceremony.She's not selfish and she looks not only on the side of her own story but also on those people she love. Modality – she is the present wife of Away. Modality is also an understanding person, because she never hurt Alumna. She also loves Away so much that she will forget everything but never Away. Title: How my Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife By: Manuel Irregular Female characters: Maria – A tall, lovely girl. She is an urban girl whom Leon loves so much. In r eturn, she also loves Leon that she didn't bother even if Leon is staying in a rural area with Carobs and mud's. Title: Love in a CorncobsBy: Aid Riviera Ford Constantine Trill â€Å"Attain† – she is the housemaid of Senora and Senorita. Attain was simple and beautiful when she was in her teen age. She is the lover of Madam Jugular but then Madam loss connection and communication to Attain. Years passed, Attain still haven't heard about Madam and so she married a Bugaboo and had a child Bigot. Senora – the woman whom Attain is working with. Title: Mayday Eve By: Nick Joaquin Dona Agued – (young Agued) she is pretty like all other girls in her age and she has also a kind of attitude that will make her do things which rings her curiosity.She was loved by Don Badly and later prepared a fix marriage for both of them. She then became the mother of the two kids, a girl and a boy named Voltaire. Anastasia – she is the housemaid old woman who taught Agued a superstitious belief about mirrors. That if twelve midnight struck and you will look into the mirror's reflection you will see your soul mate. By: Estella Aloof Mother of the two kids – she was described â€Å"with eyes that held pride and maternal gloating she exhibited†. She was not Just a mere woman but a mother that went through all the bravery to defend her daughter from Vaccine.She has also a mistake withdrawn in the story because she Just easily relied and trusted so much in the man without knowing the background. Although the man is described as gentle, slow in manner and helpful but these characteristic don't guarantee a true personality. But she was able to drive Vaccine out of the house in a very forceful, magnificent manner but toned down. She was indeed a mother and a woman of valor. Title: The Virgin By: Kermis Polytonal-Advert Miss Miseries – a 34-year-old woman who works in the placement section of an agency. Described as impolite and bossy whe n it comes to dealing with Job applicants.She routinely lives her life in discipline making her life dull. Later on in the story, she finally let go of her control with herself and gave in to the new carpenter in the agency. Miss Miseries was a stern, responsible woman with hidden desires. Title: The Visitation of the Gods By: Gilda Corded Fernando Miss Noel – a woman of compassion, integrity and competence. Ms. Noel is the only serious character, the only one the reader can really identify with. She is an English teacher assigned in landscaping the school's garden together with the freshmen boys. Mrs.. Lobes – she is the wife of Mr..Lobes, the principal of the school. She acts like his husband with full authority over the teachers in the story. Mrs.. Advancing – the harassed Home Economics instructor, and some of the less attractive lady teachers. She was assigned to prepare the food for the visitors. Miss Santos – she is the Mrs.. Alexandra – Mrs .. Dells Santos – Title: The Bread of Salt By: NV Gonzales Female Character: Aid – the subject of the protagonist's affections; young, messiest, high-society. She is Alicia and Josephine – they are twins in the story which are the cousins of Aid.Filipino ladies in selected Philippine short stories possess different personal qualities and characteristics. Most of the authors described their female characters like what Filipino ladies are, as ladies having stunning attractiveness like Spenserian, Julia Salsas, Donna Delia, Miss Francis, Maria, Zeta, Dona Agued and Aid. Some were portrayed as a kind-hearted person and understanding in their own little ways like Julia Salsas, Tia Maria, Alumna, Maria, Miss Miseries, and Miss Noel.Although there re few of the female characters who portrays the negative attitude but with some reasons, like Julia Salsas, who didn't know that Alfred is already engaged, Solaced, who burnt all the things her husband kept in a very long ti me but that's because of jealousy, Attain who Just marry a Bugaboo and left the memory of her past lover and just forget him and Mrs.. Lobes who doesn't care whether she already step on someone's dignity and life. The authors treat the women characters as if they are important in the society.They portray the characters like the Filipino women who are generous, very caring, understanding and extremely patient and sometimes can also be powerful as men. But there are authors who also treat women's inferiority. Just like in the case of Attain in the story â€Å"Love in the Corn husk† there she was treated as someone who's unlucky for marrying a Bugaboo, Dona Agued in the story â€Å"May Day Eve† and Mrs.. Advancing with the other female teachers in â€Å"The Visitation of the Gods†. Most of the women in the story were treated equally with men but there are few who were not, some of this are the female teachers in the story â€Å"The Visitation of theGods† whe re in they were Just told to what they are going to do during the evaluation and were told that they are JUST women. And Dona Agued who was Just forced to marry his husband without considering what she wants. Another unfair treatment of women is in the story â€Å"Wedding Dance† that women will be left by their husbands if they are not capable of providing their husbands a child. Just like what happened to Alumna, even if she really loves Away, they should still break the bond of being a couple.

Internet Crime Essay - 1429 Words

Internet Crime New times bring new crimes. Actually, as time moves on and our world becomes more technologically dependant, the same old time-tested crimes evolve to fit the arena of the Net. To be specific, the most common Internet crimes are forgery, assault, fraud, and theft.[1] Identity Identity—it’s our most valuable commodity. It defines who we are and is essential to doing business and carrying on personal relationships. But on the Net, identity is ambiguous. To paraphrase Microsofts ad campaign, Who do you want to be today? More appropriately, who might want to be you today? Email has become the written communication medium of choice for many of us—its fast, cheap, convenient, private, and secure. Right?†¦show more content†¦3- Look carefully at message headers for discrepancies between sender and provider. 4- Learn to use tools such as Whois that let you track down email addresses. 5- Acquire and use encryption software, particularly if you send email containing confidential or sensitive information. Assault A few years ago, a web site that was supposed to be the most secure in the world was broken in to. The site’s welcome screen was replaced by crimson eyes, dripping blood, and sexually explicit imagery, not to mention messages the sites sponsor never would have endorsed. This site was the home page of the U.S. Air Force. Ironically enough the site’s sponsor was the U.S. Department of Defense.[2] Fortunately, the hacker only fouled things up enough to leave the message that the site was not secure. Many times, hackers are not so generous. Another frightening fact is that in the past couple of years, sites like the Justice Department, NASA, and the CIA have been hacked. Email has become a popular vehicle for malicious hacking, much of it in the form of mail bombs. A mail bomb is, simply, an attack unleashed by dumping hundreds or thousands of email messages onto specific addresses. Because mail bomb attacks are automated—after the initial programming, the computer does all the work—it is relatively easy to overwhelm a recipient. In November 1996, a college student at Monmouth University in New Jersey allegedly bombarded UniversityShow MoreRelatedInternet Crimes And The Internet1719 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this research is to discuss about cybercrimes also known as internet crimes. The researcher has taken help from a number of online sources and a few books as well. Firstly, the researcher will discuss about cybercrime, how and when it came in existence. The researcher then will categorize cybercrimes into 2 parts, cyber abuse and cyber-attacks. This in turn has a few subtopics to follow. And lastly, the researcher will discuss prevention from these kind of attacks. TechnologyRead MoreRole of the Internet and Crime1140 Words   |  5 PagesRole of the internet and crime The Role of the Internet and Crime The Role of the Internet and Crime Michelle Herrick Digital Crime and Digital Terrorism Strayer University Professor Masudur Chowdhury Prepared- 02/16/2013 ` The Role of the Internet and Crime Explain how the Internet has aided criminal activity. The internet has aided to criminal activity by providing an increased amount of anonymity for the criminal. They are able to commit crimes from long distances evenRead MoreEssay on Crime on the Internet2102 Words   |  9 Pagescybercriminals committing cybercrimes. As an unregulated hodgepodge of corporations, individuals, governments, educational institutions, and other organizations that have agreed in principle to use a standard set of communication protocols, the Internet is wide open to exploitation. 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Essentially, the Internet has become a playground for criminal mischief. Basically, 21st-century technology and Internet accessibility are providing arenas for criminals to use old-fashioned techniques to take advantage of consumers. Recently, Internet crime rates haveRead MoreCyber Criminology: Exploring Internet Crimes and Criminal Behavior by K. Jaishankar2837 Words   |  12 Pageseveryone everywhere in the world has either used or owned a computer. If there was an Internet connection, then they have all been connected together across that medium. But when you are just browsing the Internet or looking at your choice of social media site, did you know that you are getting attacked by some sort of malware or could be verbally assaulted by an individual? In Cyber Criminology: Expl oring Internet Crimes and Criminal Behavior by K. Jaishankar, he describes all the ways people acrossRead MoreCyber Crimes on the Internet1117 Words   |  5 Pageswide web, also called the Internet, was made, although the Internet may be found all the way back in 1958. The internet used to be the place the nerds hung out when it first started now everyone is on the internet. By the millennium the web became a world wide phenomenon. You may now order pizza from your computer talk to your girlfriend or boyfriend, and even play a game with a friend in another country. With this new technology also comes with it a whole new set of crimes, such as stalking, hacking